#
# JIG - Debian Administration Manager
#
# Documentation for jig (wajig and gjig)
#
# Copyright (c) Graham.Williams@togaware.com
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
#

import const

#
# VERSION
#
def version():
    print "JIG " + const.version +\
          """ - Command-line system admin for Debian GNU/Linux
Copyright (c) Graham.Williams@togaware.com

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

On Debian systems, it may be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.

Wajig development takes place at http://sarovar.org/projects/wajig.

Fuller documentation can be found at http://www.togaware.com/wajig.
"""

#
# USAGE
#
def usage():
    print """Usage:
        wajig [options] [command] [packages|files] ...

        Wajig is a command-line system manager for Debian GNU/Linux

        For a list of common commands try `wajig help'.
        For a list of all commands try `wajig commands'.
        Basic documentation is available with `wajig doc | less'

        Full documentation from http://www.togaware.com/wajig

        Gnome-jig (gjig) provides a Gnome interface to JIG.

        Options include:
        -d|--debug      Catch exceptions thrown by the program.
        -h|--help       Print this documenation and exit.
        -n|--noauth     Allow packages from unathenticated archives.
        -q|--quiet	Do not show progress of commands.
        -s|--simulate   Show commands to be executed but don't execute.
        -t|--teaching   Show commands to be executed and then execute them.
        -y|--yes        Assume yes for any questions asked.
"""

#
# HELP
#
def help(verbose):

#
# COMMON COMMANDS
#
    if verbose == 0:
        print """Common JIG commands:

 update         Update the list of downloadable packages

 new            List packages that became available since last update
 newupgrades    List packages newly available for upgrading

 install        Install (or upgrade) one or more packages or .deb files
 remove         Remove one or more packages (see also purge)

 toupgrade      List packages with newer versions available for upgrading
 upgrade        Upgrade all of the installed packages or just those listed

 listfiles      List the files that are supplied by the named package
 listnames      List all known packages or those containing supplied string
 whatis         For each package named obtain a one line description
 whichpkg       Find the package that supplies the given command or file

Run LIST-COMMANDS for a complete list of commands.

"""

#
# ALL COMMANDS AND OPTIONS
#
    elif verbose == 1:
      print """All JIG commands:

 addcdrom       Add a CD-ROM to the list of available sources of packages
 auto-alts      Mark the alternative to be auto set (using set priorities)
 auto-clean     Remove superseded .deb files from the download cache
 auto-download  Do an update followed by a download of all updated packages
 auto-install   Perform an install without asking questions (non-interactive)
 available      List versions of packages available for installation
 bug            Check reported bugs in package using the Debian Bug Tracker
 build          Retrieve/unpack sources and build .deb for the named packages
 build-depend   Retrieve packages required to build listed packages
 changelog      Retrieve latest changelog for the package
 clean          Remove all deb files from the download cache
 commands       List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each
 daily-upgrade  Perform an update then a dist-upgrade
 dependents     List of packages which depend/recommend/suggest the package
 describe       One line description of packages (-v and -vv for more detail)
 describe-new   One line description of new packages
 detail         Provide a detailed description of package (describe -vv)
 detail-new     Provide a detailed description of new packages (describe -vv)
 dist-upgrade   Upgrade to new distribution (installed and new rqd packages)
 docs           Equivalent to help with -verbose=2
 download       Download package files ready for an install
 file-download  Download packages listed in file ready for an install
 file-install   Install packages listed in a file
 file-remove    Remove packages listed in a file
 find-file      Search for a file within installed packages
 find-pkg       Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org
 fix-configure  Perform dpkg --configure -a (to fix interrupted configure)
 fix-install    Perform apt-get -f install (to fix broken dependencies)
 fix-missing    Perform apt-get --fix-missing upgrade
 force          Install packages and ignore file overwrites and depends
 help           Print documentation (detail depends on --verbose)
 hold           Place listed packages on hold so they are not upgraded
 init           Initialise or reset the JIG archive files
 install        Install (or upgrade) one or more packages or .deb files
 installr       Install package and associated recommended packages
 installrs      Install package and recommended and suggested packages
 installs       Install package and associated suggested packages
 install/dist   Install packages from specified distribution
 integrity      Check the integrity of installed packages (through checksums)
 large          List size of all large (>10MB) installed packages
 last-update    Identify when an update was last performed
 list           List the status and description of installed packages
 list-all       List a one line description of given or all packages
 list-alts      List the objects that can have alternatives configured
 list-cache     List the contents of the download cache
 list-commands  List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each
 list-daemons   List the daemons that JIG can start/stop/restart
 list-files     List the files that are supplied by the named package
 list-hold      List those packages on hold
 list-installed List packages (with optional argument substring) installed
 list-log       List the contents of the install/remove log file (filtered)
 list-names     List all known packages or those containing supplied string
 list-orphans   List libraries not required by any installed package
 list-scripts   List the control scripts of the package of deb file
 list-section   List packages that belong to a specific section
 list-sections  List the sections that are available
 list-status    Same as list but only prints first two columns, not truncated
 list-wide      Same as list but avoids truncating package names
 local-dist-upgrade Dist-upgrade using packages already downloaded
 local-upgrade  Upgrade using packages already downloaded, but not any others
 locate	        Search for a file within installed packages
 madison        Runs the madison command of apt-cache.
 move           Move packages in the download cache to a local Debian mirror
 new            List packages that became available since last update
 news           Obtain the latest news about the package
 new-upgrades   List packages newly available for upgrading
 non-free       List installed packages that do not meet the DFSG
 orphans        List libraries not required by any installed package
 package        Generate a .deb file for an installed package
 policy         From preferences file show priorities/policy (available)
 purge          Remove one or more packages and configuration files
 purge-depend   Purge package and those it depend on and not required by others
 purge-orphans  Purge orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages)
 readme         Display the package's README file from /usr/share/doc
 recursive      Download package and any packages it depends on
 recommended    Install package and associated recommended packages
 reconfigure    Reconfigure the named installed packages or run gkdebconf
 reinstall      Reinstall each of the named packages
 reload         Reload daemon configs, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 remove         Remove one or more packages (see also purge)
 remove-depend  Remove package and its dependees not required by others
 remove-orphans Remove orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages)
 repackage      Generate a .deb file for an installed package
 reset          Initialise or reset the JIG archive files
 restart        Stop then start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 rpm2deb        Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file
 rpminstall     Install a RedHat .rpm package
 rpmtodeb       Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file
 search         Search for packages containing listed words
 search-apt     Find local Debian archives suitable for sources.list
 setup          Configure the sources.list file which locates Debian archives
 show           Provide a detailed description of package [same as detail]
 showdistupgrade Trace the steps that a dist-upgrade would perform
 showinstall    Trace the steps that an install would perform
 showremove     Trace the steps that a remove would perform
 showupgrade    Trace the steps that an upgrade would perform
 size           Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages
 sizes          Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages
 snapshot       Generates list of package=version for all installed packages
 source         Retrieve and unpack sources for the named packages
 start          Start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 status         Show the version and available version of packages
 status-match   Show the version and available version of matching packages
 status-search  Show the version and available version of matching packages
 stop           Stop a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 suggested      Install package and associated suggested packages
 tasksel        Run the Gnome task selector to install groups of packages
 toupgrade      List packages with newer versions available for upgrading
 unhold         Remove listed packages from hold so they are again upgraded
 unofficial     Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org
 update         Update the list of downloadable packages
 update-alts    Update default alternative for things like x-window-manager
 update-pci-ids Updates the local list of PCI ids from the internet master list
 update-usb-ids Updates the local list of USB ids from the internet master list
 upgrade        Upgrade all of the installed packages or just those listed
 verify		Check the md5sums of a package.
 versions       List version and distribution of (all) packages.
 whatis         A synonym for describe
 whichpkg       Find the package that supplies the given command or file 

Command line options:

 -h|--help      Print usage message.
 -q|--quiet     Do system commands everything quietly.
 -n|--noauth    Allow packages from unathenticated archives.
 -s|--simulate  Trace but don't execute the sequence of underlying commands.
 -t|--teaching  Trace the sequence of commands performed.
 -v|--verbose=n Increase (or set) the level of verbosity (to n).
 -y|--yes       Assume yes for any questions asked.

Fuller documentation can be found at http://www.togaware.com/wajig.
"""

#
# FULL DOCUMENTATION
#
    else:
      print """Welcome to JIG, bringing the pieces of system
administration together - a tool for Debian GNU/Linux.

JIG is Copyright (c) Graham.Williams@togaware.com
Available as GPL Open Source from any Debian archive.

JIG consists of two interfaces: WAJIG is a command line interface and
GJIG is a Gnome interface.

WAJIG commands are entered as the first argument to WAJIG. For
example: "wajig install gnome". GJIG has buttons for many of the
commands, but also allows commands to be typed directly. GJIG is also
self documenting, providing extensive documentation as tooltips.

The word JIG has a couple of meanings, as WordNet and Webster's 1913
Dictionary will confirm. It is a small machine or handy tool used to
guide other tools. It is also a quick dance, generally an old rustic
dance involving kicking and leaping, as well as a light, humorous
piece of writing, especially in rhyme, a farce in verse, or a ballad.
"A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme praised and applauded."

For WAJIG, `wa' is Japanese, indicating `harmony' and `team spirit and
unity.'

Development of WAJIG happens at wajig.sarovar.org and is sponsored and
supported by Togaware, an Australian based Debian GNU/Linux company.

WAJIG DOCUMENTATION

Wajig is an interface to many Debian administrative tasks.  It
consists of two interfaces: wajig is a command line interface and gjig
is a Gnome interface.

Wajig commands are entered as the first argument to wajig. For
example: "wajig install gnome". On the other hand, gjig has buttons
for many of the commands, whilst also allowing commands to be typed
directly.  Gjig is also self documenting, providing extensive
documentation as tooltips.

The word jig a couple of meanings, as WordNet and Webster's 1913
Dictionary will confirm. It is a small machine or handy tool used to
guide other tools. It is also a quick dance, generally an old rustic
dance involving kicking and leaping, as well as a light, humorous
piece of writing, especially in rhyme, a farce in verse, or a ballad.
"A jig shall be clapped at, and every rhyme praised and applauded!"
For wajig, `wa' is Japanese, indicating `harmony' and `team spirit and
unity.'

Written in Python, wajig uses traditional Debian administration and
user tools including apt-get, dpkg, apt-cache, wget, and others.  It
is intended to unify and simplify common administrative tasks.

Wajig has evolved over many years and there's an ever growing band of
users.  It has some of the same aims as the feta package and I thought
to wrap the extra wajig features into feta, but a number of users
suggested that wajig should stay.  So it was rewritten from its
original shell script to be a Python program. It is available under
the GPL.

As wajig is simply my frontend to various other commands the goal of
this chapter is more than simply demonstrating how to manage your
system with wajig.  Wajig may not be the answer you are looking for
and that is fine. Where ever I illustrate a procedure with wajig I
will often indicate the underlying commands that are being used to
effect the wajig command.  You can then use these underlying commands
directly if you prefer.

Online information about wajig includes Karl Schmidt's rpm to
apt-get/dpkg page at http://xtronics.com/reference/rpm2apt-dpkg.htm,
and my own guide at http://survivor.sarovar.org/wajig.html.

HISTORY: MOTIVATIONS FOR WAJIG

If you've tried to remember all the different commands to get
different information about different aspects of Debian package
management and then used other commands to install and remove packages
then you'll know that it can become a little too much.
 
Swapping between dselect, deity, deity-gtk, aptitude, apt-get, dpkg,
gnome-apt, apt-cache, and so on is interesting but cumbersome.  Plus
personally I find dselect, deity, and aptitude confusing and even
though I've spent hours understanding each of them, I don't think the
time was particularly well spent.

This Python script simply collects together what I have learnt over
the years about various commands!  Clearly I have yet to learn all
there is.

INSTALLING WAJIG

Wajig is available in the Debian distribution.  As root:

  # apt-get update
  # apt-get install wajig

THE BASIC DEBIAN TOOLS

The Debian package apt-howto is a good place to start with
understanding the apt (for Advanced Packaging Tools) suite of
tools. Once installed browse the file

  /usr/share/doc/apt-howto/en/index.html.

Also, see the Debian FAQ at http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/.  In
particular, Section 6 deals with the Packaging system.  The Advanced
Package Tool (apt) is the recommended way of managing packages under
Debian. The command line interface is apt-get but it is also used
within wajig dselect, deity, and aptitude. See
http://newbieDoc.sourceForge.net/system/apt-get-intro.html for a great
introduction to apt-get. Also see
  
  /usr/share/doc/apt/offline.html/index.html 

on your local Debian machine for using apt off line.

WAJIG OVERVIEW

Wajig is designed to run in such a way as to suit the system it is
running on and the policies of the system administrators.  It can be
run as a normal user, but once a privileged command is required it
will use either su and ask for the root user's password, or else it
can use sudo and rely on the normal user's password. It can also be
run directly as root without any extra setup (i.e., without the need
for sudo or regularly supplying passwords). Using sudo requires a
little setting up as described below.

Try the help command for a list of common commands provided by
wajig: 

  $ wajig help


Examples commands include:

  $ wajig update               (= dselect update)
  $ wajig install less         (= apt-get install less)
  $ wajig new                  (list new packages since last update)
  $ wajig newupgrades          (list packages upgraded since last update)
  $ wajig updatealts editor    (update the default "editor")
  $ wajig restart apache       (restart the apache daemon)
  $ wajig listfiles less       (list the files supplied by the "less" pkg)
  $ wajig whichpkg stdio.h     (what package supplies this header file)
  $ wajig whatis rats          (one line description of the package "rats")
  $ wajig orphans              (list libraries not required by other pkgs)

For a complete list of available commands increase the level of
verbosity of the help command (or issue the command
list-commands:

$ wajig -v help
All wajig commands:

 addcdrom       Add a CD-ROM to the list of available sources of packages
 auto-alts      Mark the alternative to be auto set (using set priorities)
 auto-clean     Remove superseded deb files from the download cache
 auto-download  Do an update followed by a download of all updated packages
 auto-install   Perform an install without asking questions (non-interactive)
 available      List versions of packages available for installation
 bug            Check reported bugs in package using the Debian Bug Tracker
 build          Retrieve/unpack sources and build .deb for the named packages
 build-depend   Retrieve packages required to build listed packages
 changelog      Retrieve latest changelog for the package
 clean          Remove all deb files from the download cache
 commands       List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each
 daily-upgrade  Perform an update then a dist-upgrade
 dependents     List of packages which depend/recommend/suggest the package
 describe       One line description of packages (-v and -vv for more detail)
 describe-new   One line description of new packages
 detail         Provide a detailed description of package (describe -vv)
 detail-new     Provide a detailed description of new packages (describe -vv)
 dist-upgrade   Upgrade to new distribution (installed and new rqd packages)
 docs           Equivalent to help with -verbose=2
 download       Download package files ready for an install
 file-download  Download packages listed in file ready for an install
 file-install   Install packages listed in a file
 file-remove    Remove packages listed in a file
 find-file      Search for a file within installed packages
 find-pkg       Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org
 fix-configure  Perform dpkg --configure -a (to fix interrupted configure)
 fix-install    Perform apt-get -f install (to fix broken dependencies)
 fix-missing    Perform apt-get --fix-missing upgrade
 force          Install packages and ignore file overwrites and depends
 help           Print documentation (detail depends on --verbose)
 hold           Place listed packages on hold so they are not upgraded
 init           Initialise or reset the JIG archive files
 install        Install (or upgrade) one or more packages or .deb files
 installr       Install package and associated recommended packages
 installrs      Install package and recommended and suggested packages
 installs       Install package and associated suggested packages
 install/dist   Install packages from specified distribution
 integrity      Check the integrity of installed packages (through checksums)
 large          List size of all large (>10MB) installed packages
 last-update    Identify when an update was last performed
 list           List the status and description of installed packages
 list-all       List a one line description of every known package
 list-alts      List the objects that can have alternatives configured
 list-cache     List the contents of the download cache
 list-commands  List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each
 list-daemons   List the daemons that JIG can start/stop/restart
 list-files     List the files that are supplied by the named package
 list-hold      List those packages on hold
 list-installed List packages (with optional argument substring) installed
 list-log       List the contents of the install/remove log file (filtered)
 list-names     List all known packages or those containing supplied string
 list-orphans   List libraries not required by any installed package
 list-section   List packages that belong to a specific section
 list-sections  List the sections that are available
 list-status    Same as list but only prints first two columns, not truncated
 list-wide      Same as list but avoids truncating package names
 local-dist-upgrade Dist-upgrade using packages already downloaded
 local-upgrade  Upgrade using packages already downloaded, but not any others
 locate	        Search for a file within installed packages
 move           Move packages in the download cache to a local Debian mirror
 new            List packages that became available since last update
 news           Obtain the latest news about the package
 new-upgrades   List packages newly available for upgrading
 non-free       List installed packages that do not meet the DFSG
 orphans        List libraries not required by any installed package
 package        Generate a .deb file for an installed package
 policy         From preferences file show priorities/policy (available)
 purge          Remove one or more packages and configuration files
 purge-depend   Purge package and those it depend on and not required by others
 purge-orphans  Purge orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages)
 readme         Display the package's README file from /usr/share/doc
 recursive      Download package and any it depends on
 recommended    Install package and associated recommended packages
 reconfigure    Reconfigure the named installed packages or run gkdebconf
 reinstall      Reinstall each of the named packages
 reload         Reload daemon configs, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 remove         Remove one or more packages (see also purge)
 remove-depend  Remove package and its dependees not required by others
 remove-orphans Remove orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages)
 repackage      Generate a .deb file for an installed package
 reset          Initialise or reset the JIG archive files
 restart        Stop then start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 rpm2deb        Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file
 rpminstall     Install a RedHat .rpm package
 rpmtodeb       Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file
 search         Search for packages containing listed words
 search-apt     Find local Debian archives suitable for sources.list
 setup          Configure the sources.list file which locates Debian archives
 show           Provide a detailed description of package [same as detail]
 showdistupgrade Trace the steps that a dist-upgrade would perform
 showinstall    Trace the steps that an install would perform
 showremove     Trace the steps that a remove would perform
 showupgrade    Trace the steps that an upgrade would perform
 size           Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages
 sizes          Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages
 source         Retrieve and unpack sources for the named packages
 start          Start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 status         Show the version and available version of packages
 status-match   Show the version and available version of matching packages
 status-search  Show the version and available version of matching packages
 stop           Stop a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons)
 suggested      Install package and associated suggested packages
 tasksel        Run the Gnome task selector to install groups of packages
 toupgrade      List packages with newer versions available for upgrading
 unhold         Remove listed packages from hold so they are again upgraded
 unofficial     Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org
 update         Update the list of downloadable packages
 update-alts    Update default alternative for things like x-window-manager
 upgrade        Upgrade all of the installed packages or just those listed
 verify		Check the md5sums of a package.
 versions       List version and distribution of (all) packages.
 whatis         A synonym for describe
 whichpkg       Find the package that supplies the given command or file 

Command line options:

 -h|--help      Print usage message. 
 -n|--noauth    Allow packages from unathenticated archives.
 -q|--quiet     Do system commands everything quietly. 
 -s|--simulate  Trace but don't execute the sequence of underlying commands. 
 -t|--teaching  Trace the sequence of commands performed. 
 -v|--verbose=n Increase (or set) the level of verbosity (to n). 
 -y|--yes       Assume yes for any questions asked.

Wajig expects a command and will call upon other Debian tools to
perform the command.  Commands can be in mixed case and with hyphens
and underscores, and internally these are mapped to the one command.
Thus, the commands `Install', `INSTALL', `install' and even `in-stall'
are interpreted identically.

GETTING STARTED WITH SUDO

The aim of wajig is to operate as much as possible as a user command
and to do super user privileged commands as necessary (if that is how
the system administrator wishes to allow a user to maintain their
system).  The easiest way to do this is to use the sudo package which
will ask you for your password and then run the command as the super
user. If you don't have sudo installed then wajig will use `su' to run
as super user, but you will need to enter the super user password
frequently. If `sudo' is installed but not set up for you to access
the appropriate apt-get commands you will see a permission denied
message.

Installing sudo is straight forward. As root run the command visudo to
edit the configration file.  Add the lines:

  Cmnd_Alias  APT = /usr/bin/apt-get, /usr/bin/apt-cache, /usr/bin/dpkg, \\ 
                    /usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure, /usr/bin/dpkg-repack, \\
                    /etc/init.d/*, /usr/sbin/update-alternatives, \\
                    /usr/lib/apt-move/fetch, /usr/bin/dselect, \\
                    /usr/bin/alien, /usr/sbin/apt-setup
and

  kayon      ALL=(ALL) APT

in the appropriate places (it should be obvious looking at the file).
The user kayon can then run apt-get and related commands as the super
user.

AVAILABLE PACKAGES

The Debian packaging system relies on your local system having some
idea of what packages are available. This is initialised when you
install your system.  You will generally need to update this list of
packages with what is currently available from the Debian archives for
downloading.  If you are staying with the stable release you generally
only need to update the list of available packages once.  The
following command is used to update the information about what is
available for downloading: 

  $ wajig update                (dselect update)

(In brackets after the wajig command is the underlying command that
wajig calls upon to perform the operation.)

This uses entries in the file /etc/apt/sources.list to know where to
get the list of available packages from and which release of Debian
you wish to follow.  You can edit this file with: 

  $ wajig editsources           (apt-setup)

You need to understand the format of the file /etc/apt/sources.list as
explained in the manual page:

  $ man sources.list

It is pretty straightforward and we will see examples in the next
section.

If you have a Debian CD-ROM or DVD-ROM then you can tell apt what is
available on it using:

  $ wajig add-cd-rom  



If you want to check when you last did an update then:

  $ wajig last-update

There are quite a few archives available and you can test for a good
connection to one with:

  $ wajig netselect-apt

This will write a candidate sources.list in the current directory,
which you can then review and add to the system sources.list, if you
wish, with

  $ wajig edit-sources
  

FINDING PACKAGES

Once the list of available packages is updated you can see what new
packages have recently been added to Debian with the command:

  $ wajig new

Note that after the first time you use update all packages will be
considered new! But after the next update the new packages are those
that were not in the available list from the previous update.

Some (and often many) of the packages that you already have installed
on your Debian system may have been upgraded in the archive since the
last time you performed an update. The following command will list
these packages:

  $ wajig newupgrades

For a complete list of the packages you have installed but for which
there are newer versions available on the archive use:

  $ wajig toupgrade

To check the version of any installed package and also the version
available from the archive previously (i.e., the last time, but one,
you performed an upgrade) and now (based on the last time you
performed an update), and to also see the so called Desired and Status
flags of the package, use:

  $ wajig status <package names>        (similar to dpkg -l)

Without a list of package names all installed packages will be listed.

A variation is to list the status of all packages with a given string
in their name:

  $ wajig status-search <string>

To check for a particular package for which you might guess at part of
its name you can use:

  $ wajig listnames <string>            (apt-cache pkgnames)

Without the string argument all known package names will be listed.

To list the names and current install status of all installed packages
then use:

  $ wajig list

You can also list just the names of the packages installed with:

  $ wajig list-installed

And if you are looking for a particular installed package with a name
containing a particular string then use:

  $ wajig list-installed <string>

To generate a list of packages, with version numbers, which you might
save to file, and then restore a system to just this list of packages
at a later stage, use:

  $ wajig snapshot > snapshop-12dec04
  $ wajig restore snapshop-12dec04

Each package installs some collection of files in different places on
your system (e.g., in /usr/bin/, /usr/man/man1/ and
usr/doc/). Sometimes you like to see where those files go or
even just view the list of files installed. The command to use is:

  $ wajig listfiles <package name>      (dpkg --listfiles )


To list a one line dscription for a package use:

  $ wajig whatis <package name>

And to find which package supplies a given file use:

  $ wajig whichpkg <command or file path>

and for a command (e.g., most):

  $ wajig whichpkg $(which -p most)


For unofficial packages (i.e., you came across a package but it doesn't
seem to be in Debian yet) search for a site with:

  $ wajig search-pkg <package-name>


The more detailed description of a package is available with:

  $ wajig detail <package-name>

Here, the package name can be replaced with a specific deb file.

The latest version of the appropriate change log file (i.e., the
latest news) can be retrieved with:

  $ wajig news <package names>

or else obtain the complete changelog with:

  $ wajig changelog <package names>

INSTALLING PACKAGES

To install a new package (or even to update an already installed
package) all you need do is:

  $ wajig install <package name>        (apt-get install)

(Instead of install you could equivalently say update.)

You can list multiple packages to install with the one command.

The install command will also accept a .deb file.  So, for example, if
you have downloaded a Debian package file (with the .deb extension)
you can install it with:

  $ wajig install <.deb file>           (dpkg -i)

The .deb file will be searched for in both the current directory and
in the apt archive at /var/cache/apt/archive/.

You can list multiple .deb files to install. 

If the .deb package file you wish to install is available on the
internet you can give its address and wajig will download then install
it:

  $ wajig install http://samfundet.no/debian/dists/woody/css/xine-dvd-css.deb

Sometimes you may want to install many packages by listing them in a
file, one per line.  You can do this with:

  $ wajig fileinstall <filename>        (apt-get install)

The file of packages to install can conveniently be created from the
list of installed packages on another system with:

  $ wajig listinstalled > <filename>    (dpkg --get-selections)

UPGRADING PACKAGES

You can upgrade all installed packages with:

  $ wajig upgrade                       (apt-get -u upgrade)

And you can upgrade all installed packages, remove those packages that
need to be removed (for various reasons, including issues to do with
dependencies) and install all newly required packages in the
distribution with:

  $ wajig dist-upgrade                  (apt-get -u dist-upgrade)

Note that a dist-upgrade will potentially remove packages where
dependency checking indicates this is necessary. Important packages
(determined by the Priority specification which can be found using the
details command) will be upgraded even at the cost of downgrading
other (less important) packages.

If this is an issue for you then you should use the upgrade command
rather than dist-upgrade. This command will never remove or downgrade
a package.

To upgrade to a specific distribution (e.g., experimental) you can use:

  # wajig dist-upgrade experimental

Note that the mentioned distribution must also be mentioned in your
/etc/apt/sources.list file.

A neat trick with wajig is the ability to upgrade a collection of
packages all with the same version number to another common version
number:

  $ wajig status | grep 3.2.3-2 | grep 3.3.0-1 | cut -f1 > list 
  $ wajig install-file list


REMOVING PACKAGES

Once a package is installed you can remove it with:

  $ wajig remove <package name>         (apt-get remove)

Once again, you can list multiple packages to remove with the one
command.

A remove will not remove configuration files (in case you have done
some configuration of the package and later re-install the package).
To get rid of the configuation files as well use:

  $ wajig purge <package name>          (apt-get --purge remove)

LOGGING THE INSTALLATION

Whenever a package is installed, upgraded, or removed, a log is
kept. Yo list the whole log:

  $ wajig list-log

or to list just those entries with a specifi string in their name:

  $ wajig list-log biff


CHECKING WHAT'S CHANGED BEFORE INSTALLING

When you install an updated package it is sometimes useful to know
what's changed.  The apt-listchanges package provides a mechanism
whereby when updating packages you will be given a chance to review
the change log of the package and then decide whether to continue with
the upgrade. Simply install the apt-listchanges package to turn this
feature on.

INSTALLING ALIEN PACKAGES

RedHat is certainly the leader in terms of installed base. Some
packages (particularly commercial packages) are available as RedHat
packages (with the rpm extension). These can usually be installed in
Debian with little effort.  The alien package is required to convert
the rpm into deb format which can then be installed. This is taken
care of by wajig:

  $ wajig rpminstall gmyclient-0.0.91b-1.i386.rpm

PUTTING PACKAGES ON HOLD

Occasionally, and particularly if you are following the unstable
release, some packages are broken for various reasons.  This was the
case with the package cdrecord in unstable.  This package was compiled
with kernel 2.4.n and had some kernel specific issues that were done
differently with kernel 2.2.n. At compile time one or the other
options was chosen (but not both!). Thus the newer binary versions of
cdrecord would not run on a system using kernel 2.2.n. One solution is
to build a Debian package of cdrecord using the wajig build command.
Another is to reinstall an older version that worked and then place
the package on hold with:

  $ wajig hold cdrecord

A wajig upgrade would not try to upgrade this package.

BUILDING PACKAGES

Sometimes the binary distribution of the package is configured or
compiled with options that don't suit you. Or it may be compiled for a
more recent release than that which you are using and does not work
for your release. Normally you would then be left on your own to
retrieve the source of the package, configure and compile it, then
install it into /usr/local/.  This is then outside of the Debian
package management system, which is just fine.  But there are better
solutions. One is to tune a specific source package and build a Debian
package from it. The second is to specify general configuration
options for your system and then rebuild many packages to with these
options.

BUILDING PACKAGES FROM SOURCE

You can download the source code for any Debian package from the
Debian archive. You can then modify it and generate your own .deb file
for installation. To download the source of a Debian package you will
need deb-src lines in your /etc/apt/sources.list file, such as the
following:

  deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free

Generally you can add the `-src' to copies of pre-existing `deb'
lines.

To retrieve and unpack a source Debian package use:

  $ wajig source <package names>                (apt-get source)

Note that you can list several packages and grab all of their sources.

The source command downloads a .tar.gz file and a dsc file for the
package. The .tar.gz file contains the source code and associated
files. The dsc file contains test information that is used by the
packaging system. The source command will also extract the contents of
the .tar.gz archive into a subdirectory consisting of the package name
and version.

To go one step further and also configure, compile and generate a
default Debian .deb package from source code (useful if you need to
compile a package for your setup specifically) then use instead:

  $ wajig build <package names>         (apt-get source -b)

But, if you need to modify the source in some way and rebuild a
package:

 $ wajig update
 $ wajig build ncftp
 $ dpkg-source -x ncftp_3.0.2-3.dsc
 $ cd ncftp-3.0.2
 $ fakeroot dpkg-buildpackage -b -u


BUILD ARCHITECTURE OPTIMISED PACKAGES

The apt-build package, a front-end to apt-get, provides a general
solution to build Debian packages tuned (or optimised) for your
architecture.

  $ wajig install apt-build

You will be asked for some options, and these go into
/etc/apt/apt-build.conf:

  build-dir = /var/cache/apt-build/build
  repository-dir = /var/cache/apt-build/repository
  Olevel = -O2
  march = -march=pentium4
  mcpu = -mcpu=pentium4
  options = " "

The built packages will be placed into
/var/cache/apt-build/repository, an can be accessed with the
standard Debian package tools by adding the following line to the top
of /etc/apt/sources.list (which can be done during the
installation of apt-build:

  deb file:/var/cache/apt-build/repository apt-build main

You will need deb-src entries in your /etc/apt/sources.list file to be
able to obtain the source packages.

Being a front-end to apt-get, your first apt-build command might be to
update the list of known available packages (particularly if you have
just added a deb-src entry to /etc/apt/sources.list), although the
following is equivalent:

  $ wajig update

You can then start building packages:

  $ sudo apt-build install most

You can manage a collection of packages to be recompiled and installed
instead of obtaining the default compiled versions. Create the file
/etc/apt/apt-build.list to contain a list of such packages
and then:

  $ sudo apt-build world

One way to get a full list of installed packages is:

  # dpkg --get-selections | awk '{if ($2 == "install") print $1' \\
    > /etc/apt/apt-build.list

Be sure to edit the list to remove, for example, gcc! Then a:

  $ sudo apt-build world

will recompile and optimise all packages. 

PINNING DISTRIBUTIONS

With the Debian packaging system you can specify that your packages
come by default from one distribution but you can override this with
packages from other distributions. The concept is called pinning and
after it is set up you can have, for example, testing as
your default release and then include unstable in
/etc/apt/sources.list and install cdrecord from unstable with:

  # apt-get install cdrecord/unstable

The following /etc/apt/preferences makes apt-get use testing unless it
is overridden, even though there are entries for unstable in
/etc/apt/sources.list:

  Package: *
  Pin: release a=testing
  Pin-Priority: 900

  Package: *
  Pin: release o=Debian
  Pin-Priority: -10


RECONFIGURE PACKAGES

  $ wajig reconfigure debconf           (dpkg-reconfigure  debconf)

An alternative where you can specify a particular front end to use for
the configurator is:

  # dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=dialog debconf

SETTING DEFAULT APPLICATIONS

Debian has a system of alternatives for various commands (or
functionalities).  For example, the editor command could be nano or
nvi, or one of a large number of alternative editors.  You can update
the default for this command with:

  $ wajig updatealts editor             (update-alternatives --config editor)

Another common alternative is x-window-manager. You can get a list of
all alternatives with:

  $ wajig listalts                      (ls /etc/alternatives/)

The information is maintained in the directory /etc/alternatives/.

BUGS

If you find a problem with your system and think it might be a bug,
use the reportbug package to check it out.  This package will allow
you to view bugs recorded against packages and also allow you to add a
new bug report to the Debian bug reporting system.

Otherwise visit the Debian email lists at http://lists.debian.org/ and
search for the problem there.  The advice one gets here is generally
of high quality.

In the following sections I identify a number problems or issues that
I've not yet resolved for some of my installations.

MANAGING DAEMONS OR SERVICES

In addition to managing the installed packages wajig also allows you
to start, stop, reload, and restart services (which are often provided
by so called daemons---processes that run on your computer in the
background performing various functions on an on-going basis).  The
commands all follow the same pattern:

  $ wajig restart <service name>        (/etc/init.d/<service> restart)

The start and stop commands are obvious.  The restart command
generally performs a stop followed by a start.  The reload command
will ask the daemon to reload its configuration files generally
without stopping the daemon, if this is possible.  The services you
can specifiy here depend on what you have installed.  Common services
include:

  apache Web server
  cron   Regular task scheduler
  exim   Email delivery system
  gdm    The Gnome Windows Display Manager (for logging on)
  ssh    The Secure Shell daemon

Generally, daemons are started at system boot time automatically. 

ALTERNATIVE APPLICATIONS

Debian has a mechanism for dealing with applications that provide the
same functionality.  We describe here how this mechanism works and how
you can use it to tune your installation.

If you have more than one variant of emacs installed (e.g., emacs19,
emacs20, and xemacs) then you can configure which one you get by
default with:

  $ wajig updatealts emacs

You will be asked to choose from a list of alternatives.

To specify which window manager to use as the system default:

  $ wajig updatealts x-window-manager

Suppose the window-manager you want to use as the default is not
listed as available. You can install it with:

# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-window-manager \\
                      x-window-manager /usr/bin/mywm PRIORITY

Where PRIORITY is a number higher than the highest existing priority
for the x-window-manager alternative.  You can get a list of
priorities with:

# update-alternatives --display x-window-manager

To remove a Window Manager:

# update-alternatives --remove x-window-manager /usr/bin/mywm

PACKAGE ARCHIVES

Local Cache

When packages are installed from the Debian Archives the corresponding
deb files are stored in /var/cache/apt/archive.  This can become quite
populated with older versions of packages and we can clean out these
older versions with:

  $ wajig autoclean                     (apt-get autoclean)

Warning: It is sometimes useful to have older versions of packages
hanging around if you are tracking the unstable release.  Sometimes
the newer versions of packages are broken and you need to revert to an
older version which may not be available from the Debian archives, but
might be in your local download archive.

If you get short of disk space then you might want to remove all the
downloaded deb files (not just the older versions of downloaded files)
with:

  $ wajig clean                         (apt-get clean)

To remove files immediately after they have been installed edit
/etc/apt/apt.conf:

  // Things that effect the APT dselect method
  DSelect 
  {
    Clean "auto";   // always|auto|prompt|never
  ;

Historic Packages

To obtain any package version that might have appeared in the archive
include http://snapshot.debian.net in your package sources list and
the name of the package you are interested in. To update your sources
list run:

  $ wajig edit-sources

(else choose Edit->Sources in gjig) to add the following line:

  deb http://snapshot.debian.net/archive pool sed

Then you can do, for example: 

  $ wajig available sed
  $ wajig install sed=4.1.2-1

MAINTAINING A DISTRIBUTION ARCHIVE

Downloaded Debian packages are placed into /var/cache/apt/archive. You
can have the files moved into a local hierarchy that mirrors a
standard Debian distribution hierarchy.  Then you can point the
/etc/apt/sources.list to this local archive by using the file://
format.

To set up a local machine as a local (partial) mirror of the Debian
archive, wajig will use the apt-move package.

Edit /etc/apt-move.conf to set the DIST to match your system (default
is stable):

  DIST=unstable

The wajig command move will then move any packages in your
/var/cache/apt/archives into the Debian mirror being created:

  $ wajig move

You can actually create a complete mirror with:

  # apt-move mirror

These commands place the packages into /mirrors/debian. To make it
available on your web server simply:

  # cd /var/www
  # ln -s /mirrors pub

The file /etc/apt/sources.list can then be updated to point to the new
archive as the first place to check for packages (place this lines
first in the file):

  deb http://athens/pub/debian unstable main contrib non-free


All of this might happen on your server (called athens in this
example) and other machines on your local network can then access the
local archive by adding the above line to /etc/apt/sources.list.

If your server is not the most up to date machine (since you may not
want to run the risk of your server becoming unstable), you can rsync
all packages in /var/cache/apt/archives on other machines to the
server and then run the move command on the server:

  # rsync -vr friend:/var/cache/apt/archives/ /var/cache/apt/archives/
  # ssh friend wajig clean         (apt-get clean)
  # wajig move                     (apt-move update)

In fact, on your server you could use the following Python script
saved to file /root/apt-archive.py to automate this for each of the
hosts on the network:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os

hosts = ['friend', 'cargo']
archive = '/var/cache/apt/archives/'

for h in hosts:
    os.system('rsync -vr %s:%s %s' % (h, archive, archive))
    os.system('ssh %s wajig clean' % h)

os.system('wajig move')

Then set the script up to run:

  # chmod u+x apt-archive.py

and run it as required:

  # ./apt-archive.py

Depending on how you have ssh set up this may ask for your password
for each connection.  To avoid this, you can use public/private keys
with no passphrase, and then the script could be run automatically
using cron each morning by copying the executable script to
/etc/cron.daily/apt-archive. (Scripts in /etc/cron.daily with a py
extension are not run, so be sure to rename the file as suggested
here.)

Local Debian Package Cache

To set up a local Debian cache of deb files that you've created or
downloaded separately:

  # mkdir -p /usr/local/cache/dists/local/local/binary-i386
  # cp *.deb /usr/local/cache/dists/local/local/binary-i386
  # cd /usr/local/cache
  # dpkg-scanpackages dists/local/local/binary-i386 /dev/null \\
  $ dists/local/local/binary-i386/Packages

Then add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list:

  deb file:/usr/local/cache local local

OTHER COMMANDS

These may work their way into wajig.

You can use the apt-get --download-only option of apt-get to download
the files for an install without actually unpacking and setting up the
packages. For example:

  # wajig update
  # apt-get --download-only dist-upgrade

In this way you are able to leave the download unattended and when you
are ready you can monitor the unpacking and setup.

If things go wrong somewhere the apt may be able to help. The apt-get
--fix-broken will do its best:

  # apt-get --fix-broken dist-upgrade

but if things still don't work, you may need to use dpkg directly to
remove and isntall packages.

Synchronising Two Installations

The package system maintains a list of all packages installed (and
de-installed). You can access this list, save it to a file, and use it
to mark those same packages for installation (or deinstallation) on
anther machine:

# dpkg --get-selections > dpkg-selections
# dpkg --set-selections < dpkg-selections
# apt-get dselect-upgrade

"""

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# INSTALLING PACKAGES

# To install a new package (or even update an already installed package)
# all you need to do is:

#         INSTALL <package name>

# Instead of INSTALL you could equivalently say UPDATE. If instead you
# say DOWNLOAD then the packages will be downloaded but not installed so
# that a follow up INSTALL will do the install without having to
# download the packages. This is useful when you are installing many
# packages that need to be downloaded, but you don't want to wait for
# the download, yet you want to be there for the install!

# Another option is to use RECURSIVE which not only downloads the
# package but recursively downloads all dependencies. This is useful if
# you want to obtain a package to install on another machine (perhaps
# with a slow or no Internet connection). Use RECURSIVE to obtain the
# package and all dependencies, then burn them to CD-RW. If a
# RECURSIVE command fails for dependency problems on some package
# (usually in unstable) you can tell wajig not to download that package
# by including the package name on the command line, but with a minus (-)
# sign, as in:

#         RECURSIVE openoffice.org perlapi-5.8.0-

# To install a specific version of a package include the version number
# after an "=", as in:

#         INSTALL xlibs=4.1.0-11

# To install a package from a specific distribution of Debian (e.g.,
# from the stable release) include the distribution name after a slash
# as in:

#         INSTALL xlibs/stable

# To install a package from a specific distribution of Debian (e.g.,
# from the unstable release) and also to install any packages it depends
# on from this same release, include the distribution name after the INSTALL
# command, as in:

#         INSTALL/unstable xlibs

# Wildcards and other regular expressions can be used to identify the
# packages. Some examples:

#         INSTALL '^gnome-*'      (All packages beginning with gnome-)
#         INSTALL 'gnome*'                (All packages with gnome in name)

# You can list multiple packages to install with one command.
# Replacing <package name> with "-" will read the list of packages from
# standard input.

# You can use the INSTALL-R, INSTALL-S, and INSTALL-RS commands to
# install a package (or packages) and all of the packages they
# recommended or suggest (or both).

# The INSTALL command will also accept a .deb file.  So, for example, if
# you have downloaded a Debian package file (with the .deb extension),
# you can install it with:

#         INSTALL <.deb file>

# Wajig will look for the .deb file in the current directory and in the
# apt archive at /var/cache/apt/archive/.

# You can list multiple .deb files to install.

# If the .deb package file you wish to install is available on the
# Internet you can give its address and wajig will download then install
# it:

#         INSTALL http://togaware.com/debian/wajig_1.0.1-1_i386.deb

# Particular versions of packages can easily be installed:

#         INSTALL xlibs-dev=4.1.0-17

# If the package you specify is already installed the INSTALL command
# will simply tell you so. To force the package to be reinstalled:

#         REINSTALL <package name>

# Sometimes two packages provide the same file (this happens occasionally
# at transitory times in the unstable distribution, and can also happen
# when using RedHat packages). The normal install will fail indicating
# that some other package has already installed a file.  If you are sure
# you'd still like to go ahead, then use:

#         FORCE <package names>

# This command can also be used to force the installation of a package
# even though some of the packages it depends on are missing.

# Once a package is installed remove it with:

#         REMOVE <package name>

# Once again, you can list multiple packages to remove with the one command.

# A REMOVE will not remove configuration files.  To get rid of the
# configuration files as well use:

#         PURGE <package name>

# You can upgrade all installed packages with:

#         UPGRADE

# Or you can just upgrade security patches with:

#         UPGRADE/SECURITY

# And you can upgrade all installed packages and install all newly
# required packages in the distribution with:

#         DIST-UPGRADE

# If you regularly keep your system up to date through the use
# of a cron entry (not particularly recommended with the unstable
# distribution, but many do!) then as a single command you can UPDATE
# and DIST-UPGRADE with:

#         DAILY-UPGRADE

# A variation to this is to have a cron job running overnight to update
# the list of available packages and then to download them (without
# installing them) ready for you if you should decide to do a
# DIST-UPGRADE in the morning!

#         AUTO-DOWNLOAD

# Suppose you were downloading a large collection of packages in a
# UPGRADE or DIST-UPGRADE and the download is interrupted before all
# packages are obtained. You can install the downloaded packages which
# can be installed (i.e., dependencies are satisfied) using either one
# of the commands:

#         LOCAL-UPGRADE
#         LOCAL-DIST-UPGRADE

# If you have a list of packages you want installed stored in a file (as
# you might create with the LIST-INSTALLED command run on a different
# Debian machine) you can use FILE-INSTALL or FILE-DOWNLOAD to install or
# download the packages:

#         FILE-INSTALL newpkgs.txt

# The file can be any format, perhaps one package per line or all
# packages on one line separated by white space.

# A more intuitive alternative might be:

#         INSTALL -f newpkgs.txt

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ALTERNATIVE PACKAGES

# Many packages with Debian supply the same functionality.  For example,
# less, most and more are all `pagers' (they allow you to page through a
# text document. Similarly, the packages mawk and gawk both provide
# alternative implementations of the `awk' tool.

# Debian manages such alternatives allowing a user to select which
# alternative is to be used by default.  To find a list of all such
# alternatives use:

#         LIST-ALTS

# You can choose which package, from amongst those installed, should be
# associated with an `alternative' by using:

#         UPDATE-ALTS pager

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# BUILDING PACKAGES

# You can download the source code for a package, perhaps modify it, and
# generate your own .deb file for installation. You will need deb-src
# lines in your sources.list file, such as the following:

#         deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free

# Generally you can add the `-src' to copies of pre-existing `deb' lines.

# To retrieve and unpack a source Debian package use:

#         SOURCE <package names>

# Note that you can list several packages.

# This command downloads the .tar.gz file and the .dsc file for the
# package. The .tar.gz file contains the source code and associated
# files. The .dsc file contains test information that is used by the
# packaging system. The .tar.gz file will be extracted to create a
# subdirectory consisting of the package name and version.

# To go one step further and also configure, compile and generate a
# Debian .deb package from source code (useful if you need to compile a
# package for your setup specifically) then use instead:

#         BUILD <package names>

# If the build actually depends on other packages to be installed, and
# they are not installed, the build will of course fail.  You can ensure
# all required packages are installed with:

#         BUILD-DEPEND <package names>

# A particularly useful command is one that allows you to generate a
# `.deb' file for an install package from the installed files, just in
# case you want to install the package on another machine, for example,
# and you can't get the package any other way:

#         REPACKAGE <package name>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MANAGING LOCAL PACKAGE ARCHIVE

# When packages are installed the corresponding .deb files are stored in
# /var/cache/apt/archive. This can become quite populated with older
# versions of packages and we can clean out these older versions with:

#         AUTO-CLEAN

# Note however that it is sometimes useful to have older versions
# hanging around if you are tracking unstable. Sometimes the newer
# versions of packages are broken and you need to revert to an older
# version.

# Nonetheless, if you get short of disk space then you might want to
# remove all the downloaded .deb files with:

#         CLEAN

# If instead you want to create a partial Debian mirror on your own web
# server then the following command is useful after you have set up
# apt-move to move the Debian packages from /var/cache/apt/archive to
# /var/www/pub/debian:

#         MOVE

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MANAGING DAEMONS OR SERVICES

# Wajig also allows you to start, stop, reload, and restart services.
# The commands all follow the same pattern:

#         RESTART <service name>

# The START and STOP commands are obvious.  The RESTART command
# generally performs a stop followed by a start. The RELOAD command
# will ask the daemon to reload its configuration files generally
# without stopping the daemon, if this is possible.  The services you
# can specify here depend on what you have installed.  Common services
# include:

#         apache            Web server
#         cron              Regular task scheduler
#         exim              Email delivery system
#         gdm               The Gnome Windows Display Manager (for logging on)
#         nfs-kernel-server Network File System
#         ssh               The Secure Shell daemon

# You can get a list of daemons known on your system with the
# LIST-DAEMONS command.

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# MISCELLANEOUS

# If you find a bug in some package then you can find out if it is a
# known problem and whether there is a workaround with:

#         BUG <package name>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# HOW IT WORKS

# Wajig maintains state information in ~/.wajig/$(hostname).  It records
# the list of available packages prior to the most recent UPDATE.  The
# state information is created whenever wajig notices that the information
# does not exist, typically the first time you run wajig.

# The hostname is included in the state file for those environments
# where a collection of Debian machines share the /home directories
# through NFS, for example. Each machine may well be managed separately
# (e.g., by the primary user of that machine who need not know the root
# password) and so have a different collection of previously available
# packages.

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LIMITATIONS

# There are some known limitations particularly where a network of
# machines share /var/cache/apt/archives (to share the downloaded
# packages).  Occasionally one instance of wajig will not be able to lock
# this shared directory because at the same time another instance on
# another machine has it locked.

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# TODO

#         Document: findfile, integrity, orphans, remove-orphans,
#                   reconfigure, search, hold, unhold

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

# JIG is written by Graham J. Williams and licensed under the GNU GPL.
# It is Copyright (c) Graham.Williams@togaware.com.

# The idea for JIG came from my regularly jotting down notes about
# different commands within Debian for different tasks, all to do with
# package management and system administration.

# Dirk Eddelbuettel <edd@debian.org> has been most helpful and
# encouraging in getting JIG included in Debian and making many useful
# suggestions for improving and enhancing JIG.
# """

#  LocalWords:  Debian wajig gjig const newupgrades listfiles listnames whatis
#  LocalWords:  whichpkg elif addcdrom changelog dependents rqd org dpkg init
#  LocalWords:  installr installrs DFSG gkdebconf configs gdm RedHat rpminstall
#  LocalWords:  rpmtodeb showdistupgrade showinstall showremove showupgrade GPL
#  LocalWords:  toupgrade unhold src WordNet wa dselect gtk SUDO sudo su visudo
#  LocalWords:  Cmnd kayon DVD RECURSIVE RW openoffice xlibs Wildcards dev
#  LocalWords:  cron newpkgs txt mawk awk UPADTE contrib pre dsc exim nfs TODO
#  LocalWords:  hostname findfile Eddelbuettel
